Oleh: Pdt. Yakub Tri Handoko
Dalam edisi yang lalu kita sudah belajar bahwa Alkitab adalah firman Allah yang diilhamkan oleh Allah. Pertanyaannya: Bagaimana kita mengetahui bahwa Alkitab adalah firman Allah? Sebelum memberikan jawaban, saya ingin menjelaskan pertanyaan ini. Kata “kita” di dalam pertanyaan ini berarti orang Kristen. Saya tidak membahas ini dalam kaitannya dengan orang-orang yang tidak percaya, karena itu pasti membutuhkan jawaban dan pendekatan yang berbeda. Lalu kata “mengetahui” dalam pertanyaan ini bukan menjelaskan atau membuktikan kepada orang lain yang bukan Kristen (ini wilayah apologetika). Meskipun menunjukkan dan membuktikan kepada orang lain bahwa Alkitab adalah firman Allah merupakan sebuah usaha yang baik, bermanfaat, dan sangat penting; namun dalam edisi ini kita tidak sedang fokus di sana. Kita fokus pada bagaimana kita mengetahui bahwa Alkitab adalah firman Allah?
Ada tiga hal yang bisa kita pakai, kita jadikan petunjuk dan pedoman untuk mengetahui Alkitab adalah firman Allah. Tapi kali ini kita akan membahas satu saja, yaitu: Dari klaim Alkitab Sendiri. Sebagaimana kita sudah bahas dalam beberapa edisi yang lalu, Alkitab memberikan kesaksian bahwa dirinya sendiri adalah firman Allah. Misalnya di dalam 2 Timotius 3:16 “Segala tulisan adalah diilhamkan Allah”. Kata “Segala tulisan” di sini merujuk kepada segala tulisan di dalam kitab suci orang Yahudi, yaitu Perjanjian Lama. Artinya, Perjanjian Baru memberikan kesaksian bahwa PL adalah firman Allah.
Di dalam 2 Petrus 3:16 Petrus menyejajarkan tulisan-tulisan Paulus dengan bagian Kitab Suci yang lain. Alkitab memberikan klaim bahwa dirinya adalah firman Allah. Hal ini sesuai dengan apa yang kita temukan di dalam Alkitab. Kemudian kalau kita melihat para nabi, Yesaya 7:7 atau 8:11, Yesaya mengatakan, “Beginilah firman TUHAN”, berarti apa yang dia sampaikan dan apa yang dia tulis adalah firman Tuhan. Begitu pula dengan Yeremia di dalam pasal yang pertama; beberapa kali Yeremia mengatakan, “firman TUHAN datang kepadaku,” sehingga apa yang dia sampaikan atau dituliskannya adalah benar-benar berasal dari Tuhan.
Demikian juga dengan Tuhan Yesus dan para rasul berkali-kali memberikan pengakuan bahwa Perjanjian Lama adalah kitab suci, firman Allah. Misalnya di dalam Matius 5 Tuhan Yesus mengatakan bahwa setiap bagian di dalam hukum Taurat tidak akan berlalu sampai langit dan bumi ini berlalu, karena firman Allah bersifat kekal. Tuhan Yesus menerima otoritas Perjanjian Lama sebagai firman Allah. Para rasul berkali-kali mengutip Perjanjian Lama dan menyatakan itu sebagai firman Allah yang digenapi. Misalnya Matius di pasal pertama ketika membicarakan tentang silsilah kelahiran Yesus, dia mengutip dari nubuatan nabi Yesaya 7:14 dan dia mengatakan apa yang terjadi pada kelahiran Tuhan Yesus adalah menggenapi apa yang sudah dinubuatkan oleh para nabi. Semua ini memberi penjelasan kepada kita secara eksplisit dan konsisten bahwa seluruh Alkitab, Perjanjian Lama dan Perjanjian Baru adalah firman Allah.
Tetapi mungkin ada yang menanyakan bukankah ini pemikiran melingkar yang sempit? (atau yang sering disebut circular reasoning). Perlu kita ketahui bahwa segala sesuatu pasti melibatkan circular reasoning dalam taraf tertentu. Penalaran yang melingkar itu tidak terelakkan di dalam segala sesuatu, karena kita punya presuposisi, kita punya asumsi dasar dan kita memikirkan segala sesuatu berdasarkan asumsi dasar itu. Karena itu, yang paling penting bukan apakah sebuah pernyataan itu penalarannya melingkar atau tidak? Tetapi apakah penalaran itu melingkar secara sempit atau luas?
Maksudnya adalah kalau secara sempit, mungkin saudara akan mengatakan Alkitab adalah firman Allah karena Alkitab menyatakan dirinya sebagai firman Allah. Tetapi apa buktinya? Maka saudara menolak untuk memberikan buktinya. Ini yang dimaksud penalaran secara melingkar yang sempit. Tetapi dalam edisi berikut saya akan menunjukkan bahwa Alkitab juga memiliki ciri-ciri tertentu, yang membuktikan dan menunjukkan bahwa Alkitab layak untuk disebut sebagai firman Allah.
Jadi ini bukan hanya sebuah pernyataan dan tidak hanya berhenti pada pernyataan itu, tetapi masih ada penjelasan, pembuktian, dan penalaran yang lain, yang akan dijelaskan dalam edisi-edisi berikutnya. Tetapi cukuplah bagi kita sementara untuk mengetahui bahwa Alkitab adalah firman Allah. Kita tahu dari itu klaim atau dari pernyataan Alkitab sendiri. Bagi kita yang mempercayai Alkitab maka pernyataan Alkitab ini merupakan landasan yang teguh bagi kita untuk percaya, bahwa apa saja yang tertulis di dalam Alkitab adalah firman Allah bagi kita. Kiranya iman kita semakin teguh dan kecintaan kita terhadap Alkitab semakin diperbesar. Tuhan memberkati kita. Amin
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